AI Robot – Companion, Friend or Competitor of Human Being?


Abstract

Robots are becoming part of people’s everyday surroundings. Therefore, the formation and change of people’s attitude towards objects equipped with artificial intelligence is becoming an important subject of reflection. Substantial research has already been conducted, but few predictions have been made about the future relationship between humanity and autonomous, multi-tasking and highly advanced artificial intelligence. The purpose of this article is an attempt at extrapolating the evolution of the human-robot bond so far, from alienation and a sense of threat toward tameness, affection and even―perhaps―friendship. The study of the evolution of the relationship between humans and artificial intelligence makes it also possible to
deepen our understanding of who human beings are, what their needs, expectations, and hopes are, and which of them can be realized through close cooperation between humans and artificial intelligence.


Keywords

AI robot; mimetic evolution; superintelligence; extended subjectivity; human-machine coupling

Bakke, Monika. “Nieantropocentryczna tożsamość?”. In Media–ciało–pamięć. O współczesnych tożsamościach kulturowych, edited by Andrzej Gwóźdź and Agnieszka Ćwikiel, 45–64. Warszawa: Instytut A. Mickiewicza, 2006.

Barbrook, Richard. Imaginary Futures. From Thinking Machine to the Global Village. London: Pluto Pres, 2007.

Bringsjord, Selmer. “Review of John Searle’s The Mystery of Consciousness.” Minds and Machines 10, no. 3 (2000): 457–459.

Brownlee, John. “Microsoft: 2016 Will Be The Year Of AI.” http://www.fastcodesign.com/3054388/microsoft-2016-will-be-the-year-of-ai, accessed June 13, 2023.

Buber, Martin. I and Thou. Translated by Ronald Gregor Smith. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1937.

Dautenhahn, Kerstin, Sian Woods, Christina Kaouri, Michael L. Walters, Kheng L. Koay, and Iain P. Werry. “What Is a Robot Companion—Friend, Assistant or Butler?” Conference Paper. In IEEE Xplore International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (2005): 1192–1197.

De La Mettrie, Julien Offray. Man a Machine. Translated by Gertrude Carman Bussey. Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Co., 1912. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/52090/52090-h/52090-h.htm.

Domańska, Ewa. “Humanistyka nie-antropocentryczna a studia nad rzeczami.” Kultura Współczesna 3 (2008): 9–21.

Dreyfus, Hubert Lederer, and Stuard E. Dreyfus. “Making a Mind vs. Modeling the Brain: AI Back at a Branchpoint.” Informatica 19, no. 4 (1995): 425–442.

Fischler, Martin A., and Oscar Firschein. Intelligence: The Eye, the Brain, and the Computer. Boston, MA: Addison–Wesley, 1987.

Fong, Terrence, Illah Nourbakhsh, and Kerstin Dautenhahn, “A Survey of Socially Interactive Robots.” Robotics and Autonomous Systems 42, no. 3–4 (2003): 143–166.

Griffiths, Catherine. The Question Concerning Technology. Last modified August 3, 2018. https://medium.com/@isohale/the-question-concerning-technology-ea159a8c22de.

Heidegger, Martin. “The Question Concerning Technology.” In The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays. Translated by William Lovitt, 3–35. New York–London: Garland Publishing Inc., 1977.

Latour, Bruno. “When Things Strike Back: A Possible Contribution of ‘Science Studies’ to the Social Sciences.” The British Journal of Sociology 51, no. 1 (2000): 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2000.00107.x.

Lem, Stanisław. “Inteligencja, rozum, mądrość.” In Okamgnienie, 99–108. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2022.

Lem, Stanisław. “Golem XIV.” In Wielkość urojona, 101–171. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1973.

Levinas, Emmanuel. Ethics and Infinity. Translated by Richard A. Cohen. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1985.

Maj, Anna. “O ewolucji robotów: mimesis w projektowaniu interakcji człowiek-maszyna od starożytnych automatów do robo creator.” In Wędrówki humanisty, edited by Anna Maj and Ilona Copik, 397–414. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Naukowe “Śląsk”, 2022.

McCarthy, John. “Ascribing Mental Qualities to Machines.” In Philosophical Perspectivesin Artificial Intelligence, edited by Martin Ringle. New York: Humanities Pres, 1979. http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/ascribing.pdf, accessed November 16, 2023.

Mori, Masahiro, “The Uncanny Valley.” First English translation authorized by M. Mori. Translated by Karl F. MacDorman and Norri Kageki, 12 June 2012. https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-uncanny-valley, accessed November 16, 2023.

Nowicki, Andrzej. Człowiek w świecie dzieł. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1974.

Palomäki, Jussi, Anton Kunnari, Marianna Drosinou, Mika Koverola, Noora Lehtonen, Halonen Juho, Marko Repo, and Michael Laakasuo. “Evaluating the Replicability of ‘The Uncanny Valley’ Effect.” Heliyon 4, no. 11 (November 2018), e00939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00939; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6260244/, accessed November, 16, 2023.

Penrose, Roger. The Emperor’s New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Russo, Lucio. The Forgotten Revolution: How Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why It Had to Be Reborn. Berlin–Heidelberg: Springer, 2004.

Serov, Alexander. “Subjective Reality and Strong Artificial Intelligence.” ArXiv 1301.6359. https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1301/1301.6359.pdf, accessed November 16, 2023.

Sloman, Aaron. “The Emperor’s Real Mind: Review of Roger Penrose’s The Emperor’s New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics.” Artificial Intelligence 56, no. 2–3 (1992): 355–396.

Szulc, Jolanta. “A Weak and Strong Artificial Intelligence. Development Prospects and Socio-Cultural Implications.” Ethos 36, no. 4 (144) (2023), forthcoming.

Tischner, Józef. Filozofia dramatu. Kraków: Znak, 1998.

Turing, Ian. “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” Mind LIX, no. 236 (October 1950): 433–460, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433.

Wasielewska, Aleksandra, and Paweł Łupkowski. “Nieoczywiste relacje z technologią. Przegląd badań na temat ludzkich postaw wobec robotów.” Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 51 (2021): 165–187.

Weizenbaum, Joseph. Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co., 2021.

Winograd, Terry. “Thinking Machines: Can There Be? Are We?” Informatica 19, no. 4 (1995): 443–460.

Wojewoda, Mariusz. “Artificial Intelligence as a Social Utopia.” Ethos 36, no. 4 (144) (2023): forthcoming.

Download

Published : 2023-01-04


WieczorekK. (2023). AI Robot – Companion, Friend or Competitor of Human Being?. Philosophy and Canon Law, 9(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.31261/PaCL.2023.09.1.01

Krzysztof T. Wieczorek  kvik@poczta.onet.pl
University of Silesia in Katowice  Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-168X




Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The Copyright Owners of the submitted texts grant the Reader the right to use the pdf documents under the provisions of the Creative Commons 4.0 International License: Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY-SA). The user can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose.

1. License

The University of Silesia Press provides immediate open access to journal’s content under the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-SA 4.0 license.

2. Author’s Warranties

The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s.

If the article contains illustrative material (drawings, photos, graphs, maps), the author declares that the said works are of his authorship, they do not infringe the rights of the third party (including personal rights, i.a. the authorization to reproduce physical likeness) and the author holds exclusive proprietary copyrights. The author publishes the above works as part of the article under the licence "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International".

ATTENTION! When the legal situation of the illustrative material has not been determined and the necessary consent has not been granted by the proprietary copyrights holders, the submitted material will not be accepted for editorial process. At the same time the author takes full responsibility for providing false data (this also regards covering the costs incurred by the University of Silesia Press and financial claims of the third party).

3. User Rights

Under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, the users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the article for any purpose, provided they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor.

4. Co-Authorship

If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.

I hereby declare that in the event of withdrawal of the text from the publishing process or submitting it to another publisher without agreement from the editorial office, I agree to cover all costs incurred by the University of Silesia in connection with my application.